Question 1Taking medications as prescribed, following behavior-change recommendations for improving health markers, and adjusting to the limitations imposed by the health problem are all considered ____ activities for people living with chronic health problems.
recreational
self-soothing
rehabilitative
self-management
Question 2According to a study by Maciejewski et al., which of the following is not one of the emotions that people experience following the loss of a loved one?
Serenity
Yearning
Depression
Anger
Question 3Which of the following is not one of the three important issues proposed by the cognitive adaptation model to be part of successful coping?
Mastery/reestablish a sense of personal control
Devoting oneself to a higher spiritual power
Self-enhancement
Finding meaning
Question 4What is an illness representation?
The objective view of an illness, that is, what people who don’t have the illness think it might be like to live with the condition
A patient’s drawings and paintings created during art therapy as part of treatment for a chronic illness
A medical imaging technique, such as a magnetic resonance imaging scan or computed tomography scan
A person’s ideas about a particular health problem
Question 5According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which of the following diseases are among the most common chronic illnesses in the United States?
Cancer, asthma, and HIV
Arthritis, epilepsy, and meningitis
Heart disease, cancer, and diabetes
Diabetes, fibromyalgia, and Parkinson’s
Question 6Which of the following is not a potential barrier that might interfere with behavior-change efforts for patients?
Home visits by nurses
Scheduling difficulties for people struggling to balance work, family responsibilities, and treatment recommendations
Transportation limitations that make it difficult to get to medical appointments
Financial difficulties that limit one’s ability to afford medications
Question 7Health and fitness professionals should strive to help every client build the ____ experiences that help to motivate behavior change.
truth-seeking
learning
positive emotional
existential
Question 8The psychological effects that accompany illness, such as weakness, difficulty concentrating, depressed mood, lethargy, and loss of appetite, are a cluster of symptoms known as:
rest and recovery triggers.
sicknessbehavior.
adaptive illness behavior.
demotivationbehavior.
Question 9According to one research study, which of the following was not among the most-often-cited desirable treatment outcomes for those with chronic health conditions?
Patients hoped for a satisfying social life and good social function skills.
Patients did not need to have a good understanding of their illness.
Patients wanted to live life to the fullest extent possible while adapting to the conditions imposed by their illness.
Patients wanted to make the most of their physical and mental function despite their illness.
Question 10Patients’ adherence to medication recommendations and/or behavior-change efforts has been positively linked to which of the following?
The amount of time in each day that it takes patients to take the medication or perform the new behavior
Patients’ beliefs about their symptoms, illness, and medication risks and benefits
The effect of the recommendations on the patient’s physical appearance
The cost/benefit analysis of taking the medication and/or performing the new behavior
Question 11An impairment that limits normal function is referred to as:
a disability
a handicap.
an injury.
a gimp.
Question 12____________ is generally considered to be harm to a body part caused by some sort of force, such as trauma or overuse. _________________ usually refers to a state of poor health, often including symptoms indicating suboptimal function of an organ or physiological system.
Stress, distress
Injury, illness
Trauma, pain
Anxiety, depression
Question 13A lack of clinically effective practices is referred to as:
clinical inertia.
treatment inertia.
medical inertia.
patient inertia.
Question 14Which of the following are some of the benefits of strength training?
Increased strength of joints, building up of bone mineral, and reduced risk of back injury
Reduced metabolic rate and reduced risk of hypertension
Increased risk of falls and improved blood lipid levels
Reduced secretion of synovial fluid in joint capsule and reduced risk of muscle strain from daily activities
Question 15Functional fitness training can be especially useful for older adults and those with limited fitness levels, specifically to improve fitness for which activities?
PNFs
ADLs
RPEs
Question 16Moods may be categorized along two dimensions known as:
Pp
pleasant and unpleasant.
valence and activation.
activated and deactivated.
emotion and affect.
Question 17Sarah, your client, mentions that she has been overeating in the evenings after work. “I’m just so stressed at the end of a long day,” she says, admitting that food can be comforting and relaxing, but only temporarily. She also hasn’t been coming into the gym nearly as often after work. This combination is causing her weight to creep up, causing more stress.
As Sarah’s trainer, how might you best advise her to use exercise to manage her stress level?
Explain the link between negative emotions and often-detrimental, immediate coping mechanisms, such as eating, which often override the drive to do something that may lead to future benefits.
Discuss stress reactivity, which is often reduced with even a single session of exercise, but is even more reduced with regular exercise.
Mention that exercise increases positive affect and reduces negative mood states, and thus would be associated with reduced feelings of stress.
Make sure the client’s exercise plan is appropriate for her fitness level and that she helps choose activities that she finds enjoyable.
All of the above
Question 18Exercise is thought to slow the progression of ____ partly through promoting good arterial health and reducing systemic inflammation.
cancer
hyperthyroidism
dementia
osteoporosis
Question 19A type of physical activity performed with the intention of improving physical fitness and/or sport performance is known as:
physical activity.
sport.
functional fitness training.
exercise.
Question 20The way people perceive or define themselves is called:
self-concept.
self-esteem.
self-confidence.
self-efficacy.
Question 21What is the optimal volume of aerobic exercise that research suggests will bring about mood improvement (in minutes per day, number of days per week, for a minimum number of weeks)?
45 to 60 minutes, 5 to 7 days, 4 to 6 weeks
20 to 25 minutes, 3 days, 6 to 8 weeks
15 to 20 minutes, 2 to 4 days, 8 to 10 weeks
30 to 35 minutes, 3 to 5 days, 10 to 12 weeks
Question 22Research suggests that even people who exercise regularly may experience the negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle if they also do which of the following?
Consume excessive calories.
Avoid stretching and strength training.
Spend too much continuous time sitting.
Get inadequate sleep.
Question 23Exercise appears to increase the size of what part of the brain—which is associated with better performance on memory tests—in both humans and laboratory animals?
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
Pons
Question 24Some of the most important health effects of regular physical activity include which of the following?
Improved insulin sensitivity
Elevated blood pressure
Improved blood lipid levels
A and B
A and C
Question 25One survey of children and young adults ages 5 to 24 years estimated that 2.6 million visits per year to hospital emergency departments in the United States are caused by what?
Car accidents
Home accidents
Sports injuries
Contagious illnesses
